Muscle strain: Poor posture, repetitive movements, overuse, or sudden awkward movements can strain the muscles and ligaments in the neck, leading to pain and discomfort.

Neck injuries: Whiplash or other traumatic injuries to the neck, often caused by car accidents, sports-related incidents, or falls, can result in neck pain.

Degenerative conditions: Conditions such as cervical osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) or cervical degenerative disc disease can cause neck pain due to the gradual breakdown of the cervical spine's structures.

Herniated disc: When the soft, gel-like center of a spinal disc protrudes through the tougher outer layer, it can compress nearby nerves and cause neck pain.

Cervical spondylosis: This condition involves the wear and tear of the spinal discs and joints in the neck, commonly occurring with age. It can lead to neck pain and stiffness.

Pinched nerve: Nerves in the neck can become compressed or pinched due to conditions like herniated discs, bone spurs, or spinal stenosis, causing neck pain and radiating symptoms into the arms.

Muscle tension or spasms: Stress, poor posture, and muscle imbalances can cause muscle tension or spasms in the neck, resulting in pain and discomfort.

Postural issues: Prolonged periods of sitting or standing with poor posture can strain the muscles and structures of the neck, leading to pain.

Infections and inflammation: Infections such as meningitis or conditions like cervical lymphadenitis can cause neck pain, along with other symptoms such as fever and swelling.

Other causes: Other factors that can contribute to neck pain include cervical radiculopathy, fibromyalgia, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, certain systemic conditions, or referred pain from the shoulder or upper back.